如何在 CSV 文本文件中计算列值 (LINQ) (C#)
此示例演示如何对 .csv 文件的列执行 Sum、Average、Min 和 Max 等聚合计算。 此处所示的示例原则可以应用于其他类型的结构化文本。
创建源文件
将以下行复制到名为 scores.csv 的文件，并将文件保存到项目文件夹。 假定第一列表示学生 ID，后面几列表示四次考试的分数。
111, 97, 92, 81, 60 112, 75, 84, 91, 39 113, 88, 94, 65, 91 114, 97, 89, 85, 82 115, 35, 72, 91, 70 116, 99, 86, 90, 94 117, 93, 92, 80, 87 118, 92, 90, 83, 78 119, 68, 79, 88, 92 120, 99, 82, 81, 79 121, 96, 85, 91, 60 122, 94, 92, 91, 91
示例
class SumColumns
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string[] lines = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../scores.csv");
// Specifies the column to compute.
int exam = 3;
// Spreadsheet format:
// Student ID Exam#1 Exam#2 Exam#3 Exam#4
// 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
// Add one to exam to skip over the first column,
// which holds the student ID.
SingleColumn(lines, exam + 1);
Console.WriteLine();
MultiColumns(lines);
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit");
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void SingleColumn(IEnumerable<string> strs, int examNum)
{
Console.WriteLine("Single Column Query:");
// Parameter examNum specifies the column to
// run the calculations on. This value could be
// passed in dynamically at run time.
// Variable columnQuery is an IEnumerable<int>.
// The following query performs two steps:
// 1) use Split to break each row (a string) into an array
// of strings,
// 2) convert the element at position examNum to an int
// and select it.
var columnQuery =
from line in strs
let elements = line.Split(',')
select Convert.ToInt32(elements[examNum]);
// Execute the query and cache the results to improve
// performance. This is helpful only with very large files.
var results = columnQuery.ToList();
// Perform aggregate calculations Average, Max, and
// Min on the column specified by examNum.
double average = results.Average();
int max = results.Max();
int min = results.Min();
Console.WriteLine("Exam #{0}: Average:{1:##.##} High Score:{2} Low Score:{3}",
examNum, average, max, min);
}
static void MultiColumns(IEnumerable<string> strs)
{
Console.WriteLine("Multi Column Query:");
// Create a query, multiColQuery. Explicit typing is used
// to make clear that, when executed, multiColQuery produces
// nested sequences. However, you get the same results by
// using 'var'.
// The multiColQuery query performs the following steps:
// 1) use Split to break each row (a string) into an array
// of strings,
// 2) use Skip to skip the "Student ID" column, and store the
// rest of the row in scores.
// 3) convert each score in the current row from a string to
// an int, and select that entire sequence as one row
// in the results.
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<int>> multiColQuery =
from line in strs
let elements = line.Split(',')
let scores = elements.Skip(1)
select (from str in scores
select Convert.ToInt32(str));
// Execute the query and cache the results to improve
// performance.
// ToArray could be used instead of ToList.
var results = multiColQuery.ToList();
// Find out how many columns you have in results.
int columnCount = results[0].Count();
// Perform aggregate calculations Average, Max, and
// Min on each column.
// Perform one iteration of the loop for each column
// of scores.
// You can use a for loop instead of a foreach loop
// because you already executed the multiColQuery
// query by calling ToList.
for (int column = 0; column < columnCount; column++)
{
var results2 = from row in results
select row.ElementAt(column);
double average = results2.Average();
int max = results2.Max();
int min = results2.Min();
// Add one to column because the first exam is Exam #1,
// not Exam #0.
Console.WriteLine("Exam #{0} Average: {1:##.##} High Score: {2} Low Score: {3}",
column + 1, average, max, min);
}
}
}
/* Output:
Single Column Query:
Exam #4: Average:76.92 High Score:94 Low Score:39
Multi Column Query:
Exam #1 Average: 86.08 High Score: 99 Low Score: 35
Exam #2 Average: 86.42 High Score: 94 Low Score: 72
Exam #3 Average: 84.75 High Score: 91 Low Score: 65
Exam #4 Average: 76.92 High Score: 94 Low Score: 39
*/
查询的工作原理是使用 Split 方法将每一行文本转换为数组。 每个数组元素表示一列。 最后，每一列中的文本都转换为其数字表示形式。 如果文件是制表符分隔文件，只需将 Split 方法中的参数更新为 \t。
编译代码
使用 System.Linq 和 System.IO 命名空间的 using 指令创建 C# 控制台应用程序项目。